- Balance Issues – Damaged nerves affect coordination and increase fall risk.
- Memory Problems – Severe deficiency can impair thinking and lead to confusion or memory loss.
- Mood Changes – Low B12 can affect serotonin and dopamine, leading to depression or irritability.
- Mouth Issues – Glossitis (inflamed tongue), ulcers, or mouth burning may appear.
- Vision Disturbances – Rarely, B12 deficiency can damage the optic nerve, causing blurred or distorted vision.
Who’s at Risk?
- Adults over 60
- Vegans and vegetarians
- People with digestive disorders (e.g., Crohn’s, celiac)
- Those on certain medications (e.g., metformin, acid reducers)
What to Do
If you notice these symptoms—especially if you’re at risk—see your doctor. A blood test can confirm B12 levels. Treatment may include supplements, diet changes, or injections.
